HIGH OR LOW, FAT OR CARBS?

Here we go again! According to some recent research, giving up high-fat foods and increasing high-carbohydrate foods to lose weight was all wrong—dieters simply ate more sugars and starches to feel satisfied, and so they failed to lose weight. Duh! Isn’t this rather obvious?

Of course lipids (fats and related materials) in small amounts are important for good nutrition. The myelin coats around many nerve cells are made of cholesterol, a lipid that is also essential for making hormones. Fats are the most concentrated form of energy found in food, and they carry the fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E, and K. Omega-3 fatty acids appear to protect us from heart disease. We need lipids for all those reasons. The problem comes when we eat too much fat—or, for that matter, too much carbohydrate or protein. Instead of being entirely used as needed for energy and for building needed compounds, part of the food is stored as fat deposits around the heart and other muscles.

When did Americans start eating too much fat? Perhaps it began, or at least was intensified, just after World War II. I can still remember eating white oleomargarine (or dyeing it yellow with little dye capsules) during the war. The stuff was unappealing at best, and when butter rationing ended with the war’s end, real butter tasted wonderful. Cooks could again use it, and everyone could slather butter on pancakes, waffles, and toast. Corn-fed beef became more available, too. We started eating “high on the hog.” 

Back in the fifties, it was hard to find nonfattening foods. In the Midwest where I grew up, there were wonderful fruits and vegetables to eat in summertime, but in winter we were mostly limited to canned vegetables and sugar-sweetened fruit. Soft drinks, too, contained a lot of sugar. Adding to the problem, we were also riding around in cars much of the time; walking and bicycling were not yet popular.

As a child and teenager, I struggled continually with overweight. Besides eating too much, I was a bookish girl who avoided exercise. Diets then were rather Draconian: Dieters were advised to eat very small amounts of food, or to eat only one kind of food. There was a cottage cheese diet, for instance; after a few days of that, I couldn’t face cottage cheese for years. Until my mid-twenties, I found that I could lose weight only by severely limiting my Calories. Though I never became anorexic or bulimic, my dieting was certainly unhealthful. I had muscle cramps and felt tired in spite of getting enough sleep.

Becoming one of the early members of Weight Watchers in the 1960s may have saved my life, or at least kept me well. For the first time, I learned to lose weight without being hungry by eating large amounts of chicken and fish, drinking skim milk, and making fruits and vegetables a large part of my diet. At that time, cookies, candy, and ice cream were all “illegal” foods for Weight Watchers members, which automatically lowered the amounts of carbs and fat we ate. Many no-sugar foods appeared on the market at that time, too. (Since then I have been able to eat sensibly without the strict rules of Weight Watchers, and have never returned to extreme dieting. My weight has fluctuated a few times during times of stress, but now I weigh 118 pounds, 40 pounds less than when I was in high school.)

In the late fifties, a few years after President Eisenhower’s frightening heart attack, scientists were beginning to find a possible link between cholesterol and heart disease. When they found eggs had a high cholesterol content, many people gave up eating eggs. Not a good idea. Today we know that eggs, with their high protein content and low number of Calories, are important for good nutrition.

More and more studies found that eating fats could contribute to heart disease. For 20 years or so, we were counseled to protect our hearts by eating less fat and exercising more. Exercise does use Calories, and it has many other important effects on the body. Except for dancers and  athletes, though, most people don’t exercise enough to lose weight.

Our eating habits became more sophisticated in the sixties. Many of us watched chef Julia Child on television, bought her cookbook, and tried to prepare dishes like boeuf bourguignon and trout meuniere. Though Julia sometimes used a lot of butter and sugar, she recommended keeping portions small.  Americans tend to go overboard on everything, unfortunately. During the sixties even our dishes and glasses grew larger, the better to hold large servings of food and wine. Hamburgers grew from the small patties we had eaten in the fifties to the gigantic monstrosities, laden with cheese and bacon, that are common today.

There have been many diets and weight-loss programs over the years. We have seen the Atkins diet, the Pritikin diet, Jenny Craig, TOPS, the popcorn diet, and so forth. One diet promoted eating grapefruit, which was supposed to contain a magic enzyme that broke down fat.  One of the strangest diets that came along in the seventies was the “drinking man’s diet.” The general idea was to limit carbohydrates severely, while satisfying ourselves with fat, protein, and alcohol. I remember several coworkers coming back from lunch with silly smiles on their faces, feeling they were dieting. That diet didn’t last long—in some people the high level of protein led to ketosis, a potentially dangerous condition.

Perhaps that kind of diet was partly what led to the anti-fat reaction in the nineties. Suddenly, carbs were in and fat was out. We were told to eat more grains—and so some interpreted that as permission to eat huge portions of pasta laden with sauces. Advice to eat legumes became permission to eat baked beans with molasses. We were told that fruit was good for us—and many of us ate too much of it, or consumed it as pie. People ate huge muffins. And then they wondered why they gained weight instead of losing it.

Some hopeful treatments are on the horizon, at least for the severely overweight. A just-released study shows that bariatric (obese) surgery leads to long-term weight loss. It may also be possible to alter the DNA of persons with a genetic predisposition to obesity. Various physiological studies are underway.

For those with less serious problems, though, the standard advice is what it has been since antiquity—eat less in general, fill up on fruits and vegetables, get more exercise. We all know that’s the secret, but we get bored with sensible eating and exercising, devote too little time to them, or eat for emotional reasons. The “Mediterranean diet” has been popular in recent years, and is surely the best diet to come along. High in the delicious grains, fish, fruits and vegetables, nuts, and olive oil that contribute to good nutrition and weight loss, it even includes a little wine—a major plus for most of us. (Alas! I can no longer drink alcohol, as it interacts with some of my prescribed medicines.) I fear that if the pendulum swings toward eating less rice and more bacon, dieters will lose the benefits of Mediterranean foods. And, in ten years or so, nutritionists will discover again that we need to eat more carbs and less fat.

LIFE IN THE FOREST

Our view from the front porch

Seven years ago I sold my home in the San Francisco Bay area and moved to California’s Gold Rush country. And not just to a city or small town (though later on I would buy a house in Placerville), but to my partner’s home in the forest, bordering the El Dorado National Forest. It seemed very romantic and exciting at  the time. We would be surrounded by the pines and oaks, out of sight of neighbors and far from traffic noise. Our block-long graveled driveway would be free of other cars. When we needed firewood, we would cut down an expendable tree. On winter evenings we would gaze into the fire while reading and listening to music. We could forget about caring for a lawn, because the surrounding forest is carpeted with attractive bear grass. (Should I have wondered why it is also called “mountain misery”?) Every spring we would look for native wildflowers, and never plant invasive plants from a nursery. Black-tailed deer would be our companions. It would be the ideal lifestyle for us environmentalists.

My first warning came when a 100’ tall tree had to be cut down because it was in the path of a garage we needed for our motorhome. My partner felled it himself, and sawed the branches and trunk into large sections, which was an impressive feat. He explained that before he could split it for firewood, we needed to use a rope and pivot system to lower the log rounds down a hillside.  Then we could hand-roll them up the long driveway to the carport. (Who, me? I hadn’t rolled anything larger than a rolling pin in years. We did manage it, though, and I felt quite proud of that accomplishment.) After leaving the rounds to spend the hot summer drying out, he could split them with a steel wedge and sledgehammer. He explained that he was multitasking, getting both firewood and exercise.

Bringing up a log round

The spring wildflowers—some of which are quite rare—are indeed a treat. For two or three months I happily climb up the hill to enjoy them. Then summer arrives, and this area becomes beastly hot at times. Our home is partly solar-powered, and has huge south-facing windows; the house gets very uncomfortable on hot summer afternoons. At sundown the lack of surrounding roads and pavement lets the evening breezes cool off the house quickly. Being environmentalists, of course we have no air conditioning. During extreme heat waves, when we run out of ice cream and become sufficiently miserable, we take the motorhome far up the mountain to a campground near a lake. For a few days we enjoy life there, but it can’t last. We need to take care of things at home, so we drive back to our part of the forest.

More exercise!

One of the things we need to do is to cut the beautiful but highly flammable manzanita bushes that grow quickly all over the property. I have spent many hours cutting them with loppers, making sure that every leaf is removed to prevent any photosynthesis from restoring them, but new bushes seem to spring up immediately. Though the manzanitas are numerous, at least they can be removed while they are small. Established pines and oaks are much larger and harder to deal with. Though it’s tempting to let them grow, we are required to maintain a 50’ bare area around the house because of the danger of wildfires here. (The house is on a steep hillside; if a wildfire ever comes up from the canyon below, even that barrier may not save us.)

The long gravel driveway is a continual problem. In autumn It has to be raked often, to remove the leaves and acorn shells that can rapidly turn to humus. In the winter any strong rain can wash out sections that must be shoveled back into place. Shoveling gravel is not fun.

Life here has been much harder than I expected, and at times I retreat to the Placerville house, where I have a gas furnace, air conditioning, a road that is maintained by someone else, and an easier life in general. I still love the forest and spend a great deal of time there, but I am now seven years older than when I left the city. How much longer can I keep this up? If we leave the forest, where will we go? 

 Any one considering moving to a similar area should think carefully before doing anything irrevocable. Life in the forest is rewarding, but it also involves much drudgery. It can also be lonely. For a woman, especially, the lack of nearby  neighbors and friends is difficult. Like old age, this life “ain’t for sissies.”  

IN PRAISE OF MOTHERS-IN-LAW

My mother was a wonderful woman whom I appreciated more and more as we both aged. She was warm, funny, and wise; and I miss her greatly. By some stroke of luck, though, I also had two delightful mothers-in-law. They were nothing like my mother or each other, but each was wonderful in her own way.

Jessie was my first husband’s mother. Beautiful, charming, and gracious, she always looked serene and cool, even in Chicago’s hot, sticky summer weather. When I remember her, I always picture her wearing a hat and gloves. Jessie was active in a suburban Presbyterian church and spent most of her life as a well-to-do homemaker who raised the twin sons she bore in 1935. Her home was elegant without being overwhelming—she would have abhorred today’s McMansions—and was always spotless.

Seeing our young-marrieds financial struggles, Jessie helped without making us dependent. She bought me some lovely clothes from Peck & Peck and Marshall Field’s, exactly what I needed for my early editorial jobs. Both my husband and I received many gifts from her for our home.

When our marriage ended, Jessie was broken-hearted. She wrote to my mother about it, saying how she hoped “the children” would work out our problems and get together again. It was much too late for that. Hurting her caused me nearly as much pain as the divorce itself did.

Many years after our divorce, Jessie called her husband out to the garden to show him some flowers that had just bloomed. He admired them, and turned aside for a moment. When he turned back, she was lying in the flower bed, dead. What a catastrophe for him, but what a fitting death for that lovely, kind woman.

*  *  *

Edith was my second mother-in-law. She had come to America as a baby, in that wave of Jewish immigration around 1900. Her family settled on the South Side of Chicago. Life wasn’t easy for them, and she grew up feeling poor. Having enough money, and looking prosperous, was always important to her afterward. She loved nice clothing and wore it well.

Edith was neither the Yiddishe momma nor the Hadassah member type. She was herself, an attractive, strong woman with a raunchy sense of humor that slightly shocked me at first. (I should have expected it, though—my husband could be witty and charming at times, rather crude at other times, but he was unfailingly funny.) As she was a chain smoker, many years of smoking had given her a throaty, sexy voice.

Though she had worked for only a few years after her marriage, she was very supportive of my own career. One evening when she and her sister had taught me how to make chopped liver and some other Jewish dishes that my husband liked, she took me aside and whispered, “Don’t waste your time on a lot of cooking. Find a good deli and buy things there!” Wonderful advice, and I was happy to take it.

An excellent poker player, Edith raked in some of the money she craved by gambling. My diamond engagement ring--an enormous rock--was one she had originally won in a high-stakes poker game. When Harold and I became engaged, she was so  delighted about her over-thirty son finally getting married that she insisted he give me the ring.

Edith and I got along very well, and I looked forward to many years of having such a great mother-in-law. Unhappily, that wasn’t possible. In a freak accident, she swallowed part of a toothpick in a deli sandwich, and developed septic poisoning from a punctured intestine. She died on our first wedding anniversary.

I have never had children, and so I missed the opportunity of being a mother-in-law. If I had, either Jessie or Edith would have been a superb model.

LASSEN VOLCANIC NATIONAL PARK

Lassen peaks in summer

Nearly everyone knows about Yellowstone—the geysers and mud pots, the bears and bison, the magnificent scenery. Unfortunately, because Yellowstone is so famous, it is also extremely crowded. When we stopped there for a few days in the autumn of 2010, all the campgrounds were filled. We did manage to stay one night near Lewis Lake, but on the other nights we had to resort to dry camping outside the park, then driving long distances to see the sights.

Luckily, there is a less-known alternative to Yellowstone. In northern California, Lassen Volcanic National Park offers a wilderness experience complete with dramatic mountain peaks and steamy, impressive geysers. This unique park is one of our favorites. Anyone traveling between Yosemite and Crater Lake will find it a fascinating stop.

Lassen is at the southern end of the Cascade Range, a chain of active volcanoes that range from British Columbia south into northern California. Though ordinarily quiet, the volcanoes occasionally wake up, as when Mt. St. Helens erupted in 1980. Back in 1915, Lassen Peak erupted violently and devastated a large area. Congress made the surrounding area a national park in 1916; since then it has been preserved as both a park and a natural laboratory where geologists can study volcanoes and hydrothermal features. The peaks are snow-covered for much of the year, allowing for snowshoeing and wintry hiking. They are beautiful at any time.

For short-term visitors, the most interesting feature of the park may be the aptly named Bumpass Hell, where fumaroles (holes in volcanic regions through which hot gases escape) emit hot, sulfurous fumes. Mud pots and steaming water add to the overpowering, unworldly atmosphere. We hiked there from a parking lot; younger visitors easily hike down to it an hour, but it took us longer. Along the way we saw spectacular vistas of mountains and valleys, and an enormous meadow of huge lupines.

Those who stay longer can take long hikes in the back country, a true wilderness with mountains, lakes, and lava plateaus. Many trails are strenuous, even dangerous, and have only faint markings or are unmarked; they are not for the faint of heart. Easy and moderate trails, also, are found throughout the park, allowing visitors of all abilities to participate in hikes and field trips. Many sights are easily reachable by car or small RV.

Because of the varied soils and elevations, the park has a great variety of plants and animals. Lassen has rare wildflowers such as alpine false candytuft (Amelowskia ovalis) and golden draba (Draba aureola), which grows only near the summits of  some volcanoes in the Cascades. Animals include bears, mountain lions, black-backed woodpeckers, pikas, and other denizens of the mountains.

Several facilities in the park provide information about Lassen’s environment, about the Native Americans who lived here, and related matters. They are very helpful for getting oriented to the park. Near the northern entrance, we especially enjoyed the Loomis Museum; at the southern, the Kohm Yah-mah-nee Visitor Center is a must. As in all national parks, there is a variety of ranger-led hikes and other activities to provide an optimal experience for visitors.

Lassen has eight campgrounds, but only two are suitable for RVs, and none have hookups for electricity. Manzanita Lake campground is near the northern entrance to the park; Summit Lake campground is near the park’s center, and is usually approached from the southern entrance. Just inside the southern entrance is the Kohm Yah-mah-nee Visitor Center, where there are a museum and a cafe, plus a gift shop with a good selection of books. RVers and other campers can stop there to make or confirm reservations. (Even though Lassen is less crowded than better-known parks, reservations are advisable. It is a very long drive to campgrounds outside the park.)

In the summer of 2012, we visited Lassen in late August in order to take part in their Dark Sky Festival . Because Lassen is remote (it is surrounded by Lassen National Forest and the Caribou Wilderness), the night skies are ordinarily very clear, and visitors can see constellations and planets they may never have seen before. Though naked-eye observations are exciting enough, telescopes are set up so that visitors can look at the rings of Saturn and other celestial marvels.

Thane had just been accepted into the National Park Service’s AstroVIP volunteer program,  so we were allowed free camping during the festival. Because the campground was many miles from the parking lot where telescopes were set up, and we find it hard to drive at night, we also were permitted to stay in the parking lot all night. In our self-contained RV, we were perfectly comfortable there, and could do any driving in the daytime.

We hope to visit Lassen again and explore places we missed the first time. In 2012 our visit was dramatically truncated by a wildfire that sent smoke into the night sky and shortened the Dark Sky Festival. With any luck, our next visit will be calmer, and the sky clearer.

With Supervisory Park Ranger Kevin Sweeney

THE TRAILER PARK FALLACY

“Modern Family” is just about my favorite current TV program. The characters are just close enough to typical Americans to be believable, just different enough to be entertaining. (Who can forget Mitchell and Cameron sobbing, “Snorkels!”?) But I felt upset by a recent episode, when Phil and Claire argued about possible retirement options. While Phil wanted to buy an RV and tour the country, Claire was dismayed by the idea. Not only did she prefer going to Europe, but she made it clear she didn’t want to spend her retirement leaving her lovely home and moving from one trailer park to another.

Claire appeared to share a common attitude toward us, that we are “trailer trash” whose way of life is inferior to that of other travelers. When RVers are shown in movies or on TV, they nearly always are clueless about driving their vehicles, unsophisticated about life in general, or actually trashy.  If they are wealthy, they are the dreaded Ugly American type rather than genteel, well-educated travelers.

In reality, RVers are a cross section of America—no better or worse than others. We do tend to be a bit older than other travelers, because more of us are retired and can spend long periods on the road. And we look more casual, because we don’t need to dress up for staying in expensive hotels. (On the other hand, have you seen some of the people staying in motels or eating in restaurants?) Some of us can afford to stay anywhere, including high-priced resorts, and buy RVs that are as expensive and obscene as any McMansion. A few of us are a bit grubby looking. Most of us tend to look and act like the vanishing middle class. 

What we have in common is our love of RV travel. Staying in an RV, even a very modest one, seems  better than staying in most hotels or motels. In the last few years, bedbugs have been a problem all over the country. Who wants to sleep with bedbugs and perhaps carry them home? Or to stay in a room reeking of smoke and not be able to open a window? As to Europe—note this, Claire—the worst hotel room I have ever stayed in was in Madrid. Any RV would be preferable to it. If touring Europe is what you want, that’s possible in a rented RV. You don’t have to be hauled around on buses at the crack of dawn, or to stay in bad hotels.

Many of the RVers we have talked to have emphasized the freedom of RV life. We never have to lock ourselves in to bus tours or tight schedules. Instead, we can decide where to go on the spur of the moment. We can visit museums (except on Mondays, unfortunately), shopping districts, and entertainment venues whenever we wish, preferably at times when they are not crowded with other visitors.

When the national parks were being developed, and railroad barons wanted to encourage Eastern travelers to visit the West instead of Europe, the “See America First” slogan was used as an inducement. Seeing America first wasn’t a bad idea, then or now.  Being a world traveler is wonderful, but anyone who is able to travel should see this beautiful country as well as others. And for modern families, traveling in an RV is one of the best ways to see it.

WOMEN’S SHOES

My physician looked at my toes and exclaimed, “Oh, you poor thing!”—hardly the sort of comment I wanted to hear from her. My toes were twisted and bent. Besides being ugly as sin, they hurt; why had I postponed doing something about them for many years? She sent me off to a podiatrist and a radiologist. An X-ray confirmed that my feet were permanently deformed. The toe bones bent at alarming angles (there was also damage to the joints as a result of osteoarthritis, but that’s another story). 

I feared that the podiatrist would recommend repeating the bilateral bunion surgery I had back in 1984. After that I hobbled about in Frankenstein boots for a long time, then was fitted for orthotics and went back to normal shoes. I hoped I could wear high heels again after the surgery, but it has never been possible. Some simple dressy shoes with one-inch heels are the best I have been able to manage. The podiatrist gave me the good news that she would not recommend bunion surgery for me, and the bad, that my feet were too far gone for it. Instead, she suggested better shoes and toe splints that would help align my toes.

Obviously, I will spend the rest of my life with these damaged feet. I can blame my DNA for the hammer toes and flat feet (my feet are identical to my Aunt Edith’s), but can blame no one but myself for most of the deformity. Back in the early sixties, I wore narrow shoes with spike heels and pointed toes, much like the shoes young women wear now. Somehow I forced my feet into them, and wore them as I walked to a subway station, climbed steps, and worked in an office where every woman dressed similarly. We thought we looked good, and would not have considered wearing flat shoes. My feet often hurt (I would surreptitiously remove my shoes and leave them under my desk), but that seemed a small price to pay. Probably the pain showed in my face, though. I might have looked better in flat shoes and with a pain-free smile on my face.

As a child, I read about the pathetic nineteenth-century wealthy Asian women who bound their feet, and  became unable to walk. You’d think everyone today would be wiser, but no doubt the great-granddaughters of those women are wearing shoes having five-inch heels and pointed toes. Whenever I see a young woman wearing those awful shoes and looking uncomfortable, I want to give her a lecture and show her my feet. I have never had the courage to do so, but maybe one of them will read this.

You would think that shoes could be made to look pretty without damaging their wearers’ feet, but no manufacturer seems able to do so. Most comfortable shoes are frankly ugly. I love my REI hiking boots, the most comfortable footwear I’ve ever owned, but the options for wearing them are a bit limited. SAS, Clark’s, and Dansko shoes are well made and nice-looking; they are for casual wear, though. I want something to wear for attending weddings and other occasions. Can’t some shoe designer come up with beautiful, dressy wide shoes that are healthy as well?

PETE SEEGER'S GONE

One night in 1970 I saw New York at its best, when someone took me to a dock on the Hudson River where the sloop Clearwater was sailing in. Pete Seeger, my favorite folk singer, gave an impassioned concert that night that focused on controlling water pollution and saving the Hudson. It was around the time of the first Earth Day, and the crowd responded to him fervently. Somehow I worked up the courage to approach him and ask him about a rather vague idea I had for using folk music to teach children about ecology. He expressed some interest, and suggested that I contact his wife about the idea. His wife?  I was mildly insulted, assuming that he was just trying to get rid of me. (Years later, I learned that his beloved and trusted wife handled everything about his work, but it was too late for my idea. What a lost opportunity!)

No one could inspire people the way Pete did. Whether singing about Dust Bowl refugees, labor unions, civil rights, the Viet Nam war, or the environment, Pete could express the most poignant feelings in the human heart. Through the seventies and eighties, I listened to him singing on the radio or television whenever possible.

Sometime in the nineties he appeared at a union rally in California. It was the first chance I had had to hear him in person since 1970, and of course I eagerly attended his concert. It was a little sad, because his powerful voice was weakening, but just seeing and hearing him again was a privilege.

Pete died a few days ago, and so much of what he stood for is still uncompleted. Yet, there has been progress in some areas. Perhaps most important, he galvanized many to sing out for freedom and justice. That song will never die.

RV TRAVEL CHECKLIST

Getting ready for an RV trip can be exhausting. It’s important to have the RV in tip-top condition, and to think ahead about all the clothes and other supplies we will need for all kinds of weather. (Usually, we will run into both snow and scorching heat before returning home.) There have been times when we have thought, “Oh, the heck with it—let’s stay home and enjoy California.”  Fortunately, we always have continued with our plans.

During several trips, we’ve assembled a list of tasks and things to take, which stays on the laptop computer. Other RVers, especially those who are novices at the game, may find it useful:

Tasks	Notes
Before packing, take care of maintenance and repairs, and fill the propane and water tanks.  Clean the RV interior and exterior thoroughly, using an insect-rejecting material on the exterior.	Starting out with a clean slate makes the trip much easier and more enjoyable.
Organize everything, use labels, etc.	This seems obsessive (unless you’re naturally more organized than we are), but being able to find things on the road is vital.
Check weather and road conditions as needed.
Have medical prescriptions filled.	If possible, get 90-day supplies. Filling prescriptions away from home can be time-consuming, even if you use a nationwide pharmacy.
Return library books and other borrowed items. Set water heater on vacation setting. Notify utilities about vacation.	Don’t waste money by paying for unneeded services or acquiring library fines!
Have mail held or forwarded.	Mail-forwarding services work well if you can predict when you will be at a certain city and can find the post office.
Be sure you have insurance, including coverage for Mexico and Canada if needed.
Notify neighbors or police about absence; arrange for plant care.
Things to Take	Notes
RV-life clothes: hiking boots, jeans, daypacks, parkas, sun hats, swimsuits, etc.	Get high-quality items at REI or a similar source; don’t assume you can find them en route. Lots of tee shirts will fit in a small space, especially if rolled.
One or two decent outfits.	For the occasional restaurant, visit to the in-laws, or other occasion.
Comfortable shoes and sandals.	Plan to do lots of walking. You will be on your feet more than you expect.
Lots of underwear.	You can postpone laundry stops if you have plenty of clean underwear.
Medical supplies: all prescriptions, over-the-counter needs (Pepto-Bismol, aspirin or other analgesic, sunscreen, calamine lotion, etc.), spare glasses, orthotics, or other necessities.	Forgetting any of this stuff can ruin a trip. Common OTC supplies may be easy to find at home, but you may not be able to buy them at a campground or on the road.
Well-stocked toilet kit (preferably one that can hang on a hook in a campground shower).	Travel-size bottles and jars of cosmetics and toiletries are usually big enough.
Camera, rechargeable batteries, battery charger.	Being environmentalists, we make space for a battery charger.
Laptop computer, tablet, cell phone, or other electronic device.	You probably can’t bear to leave home without some of this junk. Be careful not to crush the laptop with the slide if you store it there!
Address book.	Even if addresses are on a computer, a printed address book may be needed. (Especially if you crush the laptop with the slide.)
Basic kitchen utensils: small teakettle, saucepan, frying pan; can opener, spatula, sandwich spreader with serrated edge; coffee maker or tea ball; and so on. A few plates, bowls, cups, glasses, tableware.	Look through your home kitchen. What do you really need? What things can serve two purposes? Galley space is very limited in most rigs. Pack all dishes in dish towels or terry cloths to protect them during travel.
Matches, aluminum foil, dishpan, sponges, dish towels, pot holders, coffee filters.	Some of these things are essential, some can be eliminated. It depends on your individual needs.
Camper’s Swiss Army knife.	If only for the corkscrew.
Dust cloth, small broom, dustpan.
Bath towels, hand towels, washcloths (all as small as possible)	Color-code these to minimize laundry.
Toilet deodorizer and toilet paper (made for RV use), toilet brush
Small bottle of all-purpose liquid cleaner.
Laundry bag and crushable tote bags.	Color-coded bags can help keep things organized.
Camper’s log, atlas, travel books.	These add weight, but do take any you will need.
Passports or birth certificates.
Postage stamps for post cards.	These are never available for sale when you need them.
Books, games.	For rainy days, especially.
Nature guides for birds and wildflowers.	Even if you have no interest in natural history, you will see some mysterious plant or animal and want to identify it.
Outdoor chairs, plastic tablecloth for picnic table, other outdoor needs.	Leave the pink flamingos home, please.
Leveling blocks if needed.	Few campsites are flat, and your fridge needs to be level.

This is only a partial list, of course. I hope it may be a starting point for some RVers who are overpowered by planning.

SNOWBIRDS

When we visited the Salton Sea last January, we soon realized we were surrounded by RVers from Canada who had fled the cold Canadian winter to enjoy sunshine and warmth. This winter, the Salton Sea is probably crowded with “snowbirds” from most of the United States as well; so far only California and Arizona seem to have escaped the punishing record cold.

Of course, the Canadian snowbirds go back north in the springtime to escape the Salton Sea’s heat, which can be wretched in summer.  Death Valley, not far to the west, is actually a test of survival for some people: When we were there one March, a man from our campground  wandered just a short distance into the desert, where he became lost. Search-and-rescue crews were unable to locate him, and he died in the heat.

RVers can migrate easily with the seasons, avoiding both fire and ice. Fire became a threat for us when we spent a few days at Lassen Volcanic National Park in 2012. Forest fires in the surrounding area became so intense that the sky was blackened with smoke, interfering with the astronomy program that had drawn us to the park, and we left early. In a couple of days we were home, where the skies were clear.

Humans and other animals can migrate to more favorable climates, but plants cannot. In the Sierra Nevada mountains, where the temperature has risen firs and pines are dying at higher rates than usual. It is likely that our iconic giant sequoias will also be affected during the next century if temperatures in California rise as predicted.[1] In Vermont, warmer winters during the past decade have affected the maple trees, leading to less maple syrup production.

Monarch butterflies have a well-known pattern of migration that is changing because of earlier spring thaws. This can ultimately cause the butterflies to remain in Mexico rather than return to the United States at the needed time.[2]

The ocean near southeast Australia is warming at a faster rate than elsewhere in the world, and invertebrates including abalones and sea urchins are in danger. Lab studies have shown their larvae develop abnormally under conditions predicted for 2100.[3]

According to the National Wildlife Federation, “polar bears rely heavily on Arctic sea ice, which is rapidly disappearing due to global warming. In Hudson Bay, polar bears are starving during the long summer months as the ice they rely on to hunt for food melts earlier each spring and later in the fall.”

The examples go on and on, but you get the idea. All life on the planet is likely to be endangered by climate change.

There are still some who deny the reality of climate change. Ignoring data that clearly show global warming has occurred, they point to temporary shifts in weather like the record cold some areas are experiencing this year, and claim the planet will be fine. Some even try to use the Gaia hypothesis to suggest that natural checks and balances will regulate climatic conditions so well that human damage won’t matter. Personally, I think Gaia is pissed off, and not just about climate change. If we continue overpopulating the globe, using resources that cannot be replaced, and polluting our environment, she is likely to abandon us.

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[1] National Parks, Fall 2013.

[2] Scientific American, February 22, 2013

[3] Natural History, Sept 2011

MOTOR HOME SCHOOLING

The KOA laundry room seemed like an odd setting for discussing the philosophy of education, but who knew? The woman who was unloading a pile of sheets and pillowcases from the dryer turned out to be a teacher who was touring the country with her two middle-school children for a year. She had taken them out of their local school to expose them directly to the natural history and  culture of the United States. Being well qualified to teach them most subjects, she had some qualms about mathematics, and so they were also taking some online math classes.

At first I was horrified at the idea. How would these children ever make up the year of school they were missing? When they returned to school, how would they pass the annoying but inescapable standardized tests now used everywhere? (Might this woman be one of those nuts who refuses to have her children vaccinated, wants them taught about creationism rather than about evolution, or endangers them in other ways?)

Then I reconsidered. Was she not simply doing what education experts like John Dewey and Jean Piaget recommended? By experiencing specific instances of geography, ecology, and history, her children could be guided to form general, abstract concepts. We think of education as taking place in schoolrooms, and perhaps occasionally on field trips. However, students in a motorhome can take field trips every day. They can visit national and state parks, historic sites, interesting parts of cities. Museums with unique collections abound. Though these experiences are not enough in themselves to provide a good education, they can be used as starting points for discovery.

History and social studies come alive in visits to places such as the Statue of Liberty, the beacon that was the first sight of America for so many immigrants. Ellis Island provides information about a first step in immigration for the millions who came to the U.S. at the turn of the last century.

The images of four presidents at Mt. Rushmore are familiar to nearly everyone—indeed, they are a cliché--but seeing that gigantic sculpture in person is awe-inspiring. Children who visit Mt. Rushmore are likely to learn something about the presidents as well as be impressed with sculptor Gutzon Borglum’s work. A prepared teacher can ask questions like, “Which presidents are shown? You have heard about Washington, Lincoln, and Jefferson; why do you think T.R. Roosevelt was included?”

By keeping a journal of their travels, children can improve their ability  to write and spell (without relying on a spellchecker!). They can illustrate the journals with their own art and photos.   

         

Much regional literature is based on what students may see in their RV travels. Depending on their age and maturity, they may want to read My Antonia, Spoon River Anthology, The Yearling, or The Grapes of Wrath, for instance. They will want to look up information in nonfiction, too;  because of my own RV experiences, I have bought some excellent field guides, biographies, and other books in visitors’ centers along the way. In many cases I have investigated some new interest and found references that would not be found easily elsewhere.

Geology in textbooks can be dull; in the Grand Canyon and other national parks of the Southwest, it becomes real. Paleontology, too, makes much more sense when a student can see fossils still imbedded in strata, as at Dinosaur National Monument. Volcanoes and fumaroles that are seen and smelled at Yellowstone or Lassen Volcanic National Park make an indelible first impression; both parks have much additional information at the visitors’ centers and around the parks.

Every year Acadia National Park has a Night Skies festival lasting a few days. Beginning with simple observations of the spectacular night skies visible on the Maine coast, children can be guided to learning some astronomy. If they learn a bit about the work of early astronomers, they will also absorb some geometry and understand its importance.

Glacier National Park still has a few glaciers, but children will soon learn that they are shrinking. This can lead to learning about global warming, changes in climate, and the effects on plants and animals that are occurring in all parts of the country.

Though natural history may seem like an old-fashioned subject that has been superseded by ecology and other modern scientific disciplines, children who have the chance to see plants and animals in their natural habitats, including the geological underpinnings, will gain an understanding that can lead to sophisticated concepts. Many leading biologists like E.O. Wilson began by studying ants and other living things in nature, not by watching videos about them.

The RV itself provides many opportunities for learning. Perhaps it has a solar panel that demonstrates that source of energy. (“What other energy sources are used in the RV? How are they used?”)  The propane and water tanks have limited capacities, as do the gray and black water tanks, and children can estimate how long it will be before refilling or emptying is needed. At every gas tank fill-up, they can find out how many miles per gallon the RV got on that tankful, and relate the result to the terrain.

Health and safety are continual concerns for those traveling in an RV. Children can help plan nutritious meals that can be easily prepared, make lists of medical supplies to be packed, and so on.

Map skills will emerge if students use a paper atlas instead of relying on a GPS. (“How far is it from here to Chicago? Which direction will we travel in? What are Chicago’s longitude and latitude?”)  They can draw their own maps of cities or parks they visit.

Many national parks have Junior Ranger programs for kids; these are advertised at the parks’ web sites, and a trip can be planned to take advantage of them. Besides being educational, these programs can ensure some contact with other youngsters. 

This informal approach to education is not without problems, of course. For one thing, reference books are usually available In a schoolroom, but few RVs can accommodate heavy books. This deficiency can be remedied somewhat by taking an electronic tablet along and using the Internet for information when Wi-Fi is available. Indeed, probably few modern children would consider traveling without their tablets! Visiting a public library every few days is another option (it makes a good combination with using a Laundromat).  Downloading some often-used references to a tablet or laptop computer is useful, also.

Gaining communication skills also may be difficult when students are not in a regular classroom. In addition to writing and illustrating journals, they can plan “show and tells” to give when they return home.

Soccer and other team sports may have to be sacrificed during RV travel. (I admit to a biased view that  this is not really much of a sacrifice.) Unless too much time is spent on driving rather than on exploring, much physical education happens naturally. Hiking and biking happen, and can make it easier to explore an area while leaving the RV at a campground.

Having spent my professional life as a science textbook writer and editor, of course I feel cautious about recommending this informal approach to education. A parent or grandparent planning to try it should be educated enough to guide a child’s learning. Also, classrooms and textbooks do provide organized curricula, instead of scattered experiences that may not meet national standards. If I could take a child across the country in my RV instead of leaving her in school for a year, I would prepare carefully by reviewing textbooks and standards for her grade level, so that in the excitement of investigating one subject, she would not bypass others. Like the teacher I met in the laundry room, I have some anxiety about math, and would arrange for online courses or tutoring. No doubt I would learn a few things myself.